Optical Flow Estimation versus Motion Estimation

Optical flow estimation is often understood to be identical to dense image based motion estimation. However, only under certain assumptions does optical flow coincide with the projection of the actual 3D motion to the image plane. Most prominently, transparent and glossy scene-surfaces or changes in illumination introduce a difference between the motion of objects in the world and the apparent motion. In this paper we summarize the types of problems occuring in this field and show examples for illustration

Fibroblast Dysfunction Is a Key Factor in the Non-Healing of Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers

Chronic age-related degenerative disorders, including the formation of chronic leg wounds, may occur due to aging of the stromal tissues and ensuing dysfunctional cellular responses. This study investigated the impact of environmental-driven cellular aging on wound healing by conducting a comprehensive analysis of chronic wound fibroblast (CWF) behavior in comparison with patient-matched healthy skin normal fibroblasts (NF). The dysfunctional wound healing abilities of CWF correlated with a significantly reduced proliferative life span and early onset of senescence compared with NF. However, pair-wise comparisons of telomere dynamics between NF and CWF indicated that the induction of senescence in CWF was telomere-independent. Microarray and functional analysis suggested that CWFs have a decreased ability to withstand oxidative stress, which may explain why these cells prematurely senescence. Microarray analysis revealed lower expression levels of several CXC chemokine genes (CXCL-1, -2, -3, -5, -6, -12) in CWF compared with NF (confirmed by ELISA). Functionally, this was related to impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in response to CWF-conditioned medium. Although the persistence of non-healing wounds is, in part, due to prolonged chronic inflammation and bacterial infection, our investigations show that premature fibroblast aging and an inability to correctly express a stromal address code are also implicated in the disease chronicity